:root {
  color-scheme: light;
  --ink: #2f3933;
  --muted: #65716a;
  --line: color-mix(in srgb, var(--upm) 22%, white);
  --soft: color-mix(in srgb, var(--upm) 6%, white);
  --surface: #ffffff;
  --upm: #4f7b50;
  --upm-rgb: 79, 123, 80;
  --upm-dark: #345337;
  --upm-soft: rgba(var(--upm-rgb), 0.12);
  --signal: #ff7b2a;
  --signal-deep: #a94512;
  --sun: #ffb15e;
  --graphite: #3d4741;
  --max: 1440px;
  --pad: clamp(1.25rem, 4vw, 5.5rem);
  --radius: 8px;
  --shadow: 0 24px 80px rgba(18, 25, 38, 0.14);
  font-family: Inter, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--surface);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

body::selection {
  background: var(--upm);
  color: #fff;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.icon {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 1.15em;
  height: 1.15em;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.8;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  vertical-align: -0.15em;
}

a[href^="mailto:"]::before {
  content: "";
  display: inline-block;
  width: 1.1em;
  height: 1.1em;
  margin-right: 0.4em;
  vertical-align: -0.15em;
  background: currentColor;
  mask: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Crect x='3' y='5' width='18' height='14' rx='2' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='1.8'/%3E%3Cpath d='m3 7 9 6 9-6' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='1.8' stroke-linejoin='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center / contain no-repeat;
}

.contact-list a[href^="mailto:"]::before { display: none; }

.outbound-link {
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 0.18em;
  text-decoration-color: currentColor;
}

.outbound-link::after {
  content: "";
  display: inline-block;
  width: 0.9em;
  height: 0.9em;
  margin-left: 0.28em;
  vertical-align: -0.08em;
  background: currentColor;
  mask: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M14 3h7v7M21 3 10 14M21 14v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h5' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='2' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center / contain no-repeat;
}

.outbound-link:has(img) { position: relative; }
.outbound-link:has(img)::after { position: absolute; top: 0; right: -0.7rem; width: 0.7rem; height: 0.7rem; color: var(--upm); }
.site-header .outbound-link::after { display: none; }
.footer-upm.outbound-link::after { top: 0.4rem; right: 0.4rem; }
.outbound-link:hover { color: var(--upm); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
.outbound-link:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--upm); outline-offset: 4px; border-radius: var(--radius); }

.back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  right: max(1.25rem, env(safe-area-inset-right));
  bottom: max(1.25rem, env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
  z-index: 15;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--upm);
  color: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 18px rgba(var(--upm-rgb), 0.25);
  cursor: pointer;
}
.back-to-top .icon { width: 1.4rem; height: 1.4rem; transform: rotate(-90deg); }
.back-to-top:hover { background: var(--upm-dark); }
.back-to-top:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--signal); outline-offset: 3px; }

img {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
}

[hidden],
.is-filtered-out {
  display: none !important;
}

button,
input,
textarea {
  font: inherit;
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  left: 1rem;
  top: 1rem;
  z-index: 100;
  transform: translateY(-140%);
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 20;
  width: 100%;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(223, 228, 234, 0.82);
}

.header-inner,
.section-inner,
.footer-inner {
  width: min(100%, var(--max));
  margin-inline: auto;
  padding-inline: var(--pad);
}

.header-inner {
  min-height: 82px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding-inline: clamp(1.25rem, 2vw, 2.5rem);
}

.brand,
.brand-cluster,
.upm-brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.brand {
  gap: 0.9rem;
  min-width: max-content;
}

.brand-cluster {
  gap: clamp(0.8rem, 1.8vw, 1.4rem);
  min-width: 0;
}

.brand-logo {
  width: clamp(8.9rem, 13vw, 10.8rem);
  height: auto;
}

.upm-brand {
  padding-left: clamp(0.75rem, 1.5vw, 1.1rem);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.upm-logo {
  width: auto;
  height: clamp(2.3rem, 3.6vw, 3.35rem);
  object-fit: contain;
}

.site-footer .brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ink);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 0.55rem 0.75rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.main-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: clamp(0.6rem, 1vw, 1rem);
}

.main-nav a,
.nav-parent {
  color: var(--graphite);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  padding: 0.65rem 0.2rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
}

.main-nav > a, .nav-parent { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.45rem; }
.main-nav .icon { width: 1rem; height: 1rem; }
.main-nav a > span { min-width: 0; }
.main-nav > a > span, .nav-parent > span { white-space: nowrap; }

.main-nav a:hover,
.nav-group:hover > .nav-parent,
.nav-item.is-active,
.nav-group.is-active > .nav-parent {
  color: var(--upm);
  border-color: var(--upm);
}

.nav-group {
  position: relative;
}

.nav-parent {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.nav-parent::after {
  content: "";
  width: 0.48rem;
  height: 0.48rem;
  border-right: 2px solid var(--signal);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--signal);
  transform: rotate(45deg) translateY(-0.12rem);
  transform-origin: center;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}

.nav-dropdown {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% - 1px);
  left: 0;
  z-index: 30;
  display: none;
  min-width: 18rem;
  padding: 0.7rem 0.55rem 0.55rem;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.nav-dropdown a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  padding: 0.62rem 0.7rem;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  white-space: normal;
}

.nav-dropdown a:hover {
  background: var(--soft);
  color: var(--signal-deep);
}

.nav-group:hover .nav-dropdown,
.nav-group:focus-within .nav-dropdown {
  display: grid;
}

.language-link {
  border: 1px solid var(--line) !important;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem !important;
  color: var(--ink) !important;
}

.hero {
  position: relative;
  min-height: min(700px, calc(100vh - 82px));
  display: flex;
  align-items: end;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--soft);
  color: var(--upm-dark);
}

.hero-media {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
}

.hero-media img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  filter: saturate(1.02) contrast(1.02);
}

.hero-media::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.97) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.87) 35%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5) 65%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12) 100%),
    linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.76), transparent 70%);
}

.hero .section-inner {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  gap: 2rem;
  padding-top: 7rem;
  padding-bottom: clamp(3rem, 7vw, 6rem);
}

.hero-content {
  max-width: 850px;
}

.eyebrow {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  color: var(--signal);
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: clamp(0.78rem, 0.9vw, 0.95rem);
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.hero .eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  color: var(--signal-deep);
  font-size: clamp(0.8rem, 1.1vw, 1rem);
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

h1,
h2,
h3 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--upm-dark);
  line-height: 1.12;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

h1 {
  max-width: 860px;
  font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 4.7vw, 4.7rem);
}

h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 3vw, 3rem);
}

h3 {
  font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 1.35vw, 1.35rem);
}

.hero h1,
.hero h2,
.hero h3,
.contact-band h2,
.contact-band h3 {
  color: inherit;
}

.hero p {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 1.35rem 0 0;
  color: var(--graphite);
  font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 1.8vw, 1.35rem);
}

.hero-actions,
.section-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
}

.button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  min-height: 46px;
  min-width: 0;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 0.75rem 1.05rem;
  background: var(--signal);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 760;
  line-height: 1.2;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.button:hover {
  background: #e7691d;
}

.button.secondary {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  color: var(--upm-dark);
}

.button.secondary:hover {
  background: #fff;
}

.button.ghost {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: var(--line);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.button.ghost:hover {
  background: var(--soft);
}

.hero-stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  border: 1px solid rgba(var(--upm-rgb), 0.22);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
  backdrop-filter: blur(22px);
}

.stat {
  padding: clamp(1rem, 2vw, 1.35rem);
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(var(--upm-rgb), 0.18);
}

.stat:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.stat strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--upm-dark);
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.5vw, 2.3rem);
  line-height: 1;
}

.stat span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.4rem;
  color: var(--graphite);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.section {
  padding-block: clamp(3rem, 5vw, 5.5rem);
}

.about-section {
  padding-block: clamp(2.4rem, 4vw, 4.1rem);
}

.about-section .split {
  gap: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 3rem);
}

.section.alt {
  background: var(--soft);
}

.section.dark {
  background: var(--upm-soft);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.section-head {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.95fr) minmax(18rem, 0.6fr);
  gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 5rem);
  align-items: end;
  margin-bottom: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.5rem);
}

.section-head p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.dark .section-head p,
.dark .body-copy,
.dark .meta {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.body-copy {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.split {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.78fr) minmax(20rem, 0.52fr);
  gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 5rem);
  align-items: start;
}

.activity-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.activity-list li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
  gap: 0.8rem;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 1rem;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}

.activity-list li::before {
  content: "";
  width: 0.65rem;
  height: 0.65rem;
  margin-top: 0.45rem;
  background: var(--signal);
}

.grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
  min-width: 0;
  align-items: start;
}

.grid.three {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.grid.two {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.card {
  min-height: 0;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: clamp(1rem, 1.5vw, 1.35rem);
  min-width: 0;
  transition: transform 160ms ease, border-color 160ms ease, box-shadow 160ms ease;
}

.card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  border-color: rgba(255, 123, 42, 0.38);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(18, 25, 38, 0.08);
}

.card .meta,
.meta {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.card h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.card p {
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 0;
}

.card-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  color: var(--upm);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.research-card {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.area-icon {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 2.8rem;
  height: 2.8rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  color: var(--upm-dark);
  background: var(--upm-soft);
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
}

.area-icon .icon { width: 1.5rem; height: 1.5rem; }
.research-card:hover .area-icon { color: var(--signal-deep); background: rgba(255, 123, 42, 0.12); }

.detail-hero {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--soft);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.detail-hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 auto 0 0;
  width: clamp(0.45rem, 0.7vw, 0.75rem);
  background: var(--signal);
  z-index: 1;
}

.detail-hero-media { position: absolute; inset: 0; }
.detail-hero-media img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: var(--hero-position, center); }
.detail-hero-media::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.97) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92) 36%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.68) 65%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18) 100%);
}

.detail-hero .section-inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  padding-top: clamp(3.4rem, 6vw, 5.7rem);
  padding-bottom: clamp(3rem, 5.5vw, 4.8rem);
}

.detail-hero .eyebrow {
  color: var(--signal);
  font-size: clamp(0.9rem, 1vw, 1.05rem);
}

.detail-hero h1 {
  max-width: 900px;
  font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 4.6vw, 4.5rem);
  font-weight: 640;
}

.detail-hero p {
  max-width: 760px;
  color: var(--graphite);
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.45vw, 1.28rem);
}

.pill-row,
.filters {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.65rem;
}

.pill,
.filter-button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  min-height: 36px;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.75rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--graphite);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 760;
}

.filter-button {
  cursor: pointer;
}

.filter-button.is-active,
.filter-button:hover {
  background: var(--signal);
  color: #fff;
  border-color: var(--signal);
}

.content-panel {
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: clamp(1.3rem, 3vw, 2.2rem);
}

.content-panel h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.content-panel ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.1rem;
}

.content-panel li + li {
  margin-top: 0.65rem;
}

.publication-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 5rem minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  scroll-margin-top: 100px;
}

.publication-year {
  color: var(--upm);
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  font-weight: 850;
  line-height: 1;
}

.category-label .icon { display: block; margin-block: 0.55rem 0.3rem; }

.badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 28px;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.55rem;
  background: rgba(255, 123, 42, 0.12);
  color: var(--signal-deep);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 123, 42, 0.28);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.team-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 0;
}

.team-grid { grid-auto-rows: 1fr; align-items: stretch; }
.team-card .person-details { display: grid; align-content: start; gap: 0.4rem; min-width: 0; width: 100%; }
.team-card h3 { margin: 0; min-height: 0; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.25; }
.team-card p { margin: 0; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.4; }
.team-card .meta { margin: 0; min-height: 0; }
.team-card .person-profile { font-size: 0.82rem; line-height: 1.35; }
.person-profile .icon { margin-right: 0.35em; }
.team-card .outbound-link { color: var(--upm-dark); }
.team-card a[href^="mailto:"] { color: var(--upm-dark); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 0.18em; }

.person-photo { position: relative; width: 80px; height: 80px; display: block; flex: 0 0 auto; }
.person-photo .avatar { width: 80px; height: 80px; }
.person-photo img { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 80px; height: 80px; border-radius: var(--radius); object-fit: cover; }
.person-photo img[hidden] { display: none; }
.team-card a { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.page-location { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.6rem; padding-block: 0.9rem; font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--muted); }
.legacy-news-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 300px), 1fr)); gap: 1.5rem; }
.legacy-news-grid > .news-list-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 1rem; padding: clamp(1.25rem, 2.5vw, 2rem); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); background: #fff; color: var(--ink); }
.legacy-news-grid .news-list-card h2 { margin: 0; width: 100%; font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 1.8vw, 1.6rem); line-height: 1.3; }
.news-list-card h2 a { display: block; border-radius: var(--radius); color: var(--upm-dark); }
.news-list-card h2 a:hover { color: var(--upm); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 0.15em; }
.news-list-card h2 a:focus-visible, .news-read-more:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--upm); outline-offset: 5px; border-radius: var(--radius); }
.legacy-news-grid .news-date { border: 0; padding: 0; font-weight: 550; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.8rem; }
.legacy-news-grid .news-excerpt { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.95rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.legacy-news-grid .news-format { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.9rem; }
.news-original { margin: 0; width: 100%; }
.news-original .reference-source-content p { margin: 0; }
.news-read-more { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.6rem; margin-top: auto; padding: 0.55rem 0.85rem; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); background: var(--soft); color: var(--upm-dark); font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 750; }
.news-read-more:hover { border-color: var(--upm); background: var(--upm-soft); }
.legacy-copy { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.legacy-copy article + article { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.legacy-news-grid article + article { margin-top: 0; }
.legacy-copy ul { padding-left: 1.3rem; }
.legacy-copy li + li { margin-top: 0.6rem; }
.legacy-copy img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: var(--radius); }
.legacy-table { width: 100%; border: 0; }
.legacy-table td { padding: 0; }
.legacy-copy iframe { display: block; width: 100%; max-width: 650px; border: 0; border-radius: var(--radius); }
.postgraduate-section .section-head.postgraduate-heading { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-end; gap: 1rem; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; }
.postgraduate-section .section-head.postgraduate-heading:has(h2) { justify-content: space-between; }
.postgraduate-content > article > p:first-child { margin-top: 0; font-size: 1.1rem; color: var(--upm-dark); }
.postgraduate-content .postgraduate-programs { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); align-items: stretch; gap: 1rem; padding: 0; margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem; list-style: none; }
.postgraduate-content .postgraduate-programs > li { margin: 0; min-width: 0; }
.postgraduate-programs a { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 0.8rem; height: 100%; padding: 1.1rem; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); background: var(--soft); color: var(--upm-dark); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.45; text-decoration: none; }
.postgraduate-programs a:hover { border-color: var(--upm); background: var(--upm-soft); text-decoration: none; }
.postgraduate-programs a > span:nth-child(2) { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }
.postgraduate-program-icon { display: grid; place-items: center; flex: 0 0 auto; width: 2rem; height: 2rem; }
.postgraduate-program-icon .icon { width: 1.8rem; height: 1.8rem; }
.postgraduate-programs a::after { flex: 0 0 auto; margin-top: 0.2rem; margin-left: 0; }
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .postgraduate-content .postgraduate-programs { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .postgraduate-programs a { padding: 1rem; gap: 0.6rem; font-size: 0.95rem; }
}
.reference-variants { margin-top: 0.9rem; padding: 0.7rem 1rem; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); font-size: 0.9rem; }
.reference-variants summary { cursor: pointer; color: var(--upm-dark); font-weight: 650; }
.reference-variants p { margin-block: 0.6rem; }

.reference-resources { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.65rem; margin-top: 1rem; }
.reference-resource {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  max-width: 100%;
  min-height: 52px;
  padding: 0.65rem 0.8rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--soft);
  color: var(--upm-dark);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 160ms ease, border-color 160ms ease;
}
.reference-resource:hover { background: var(--upm-soft); border-color: var(--upm); color: var(--upm-dark); text-decoration: none; }
.reference-resource-icon { display: grid; place-items: center; flex: 0 0 auto; width: 1.5rem; height: 1.5rem; }
.reference-resource-icon .icon { width: 1.4rem; height: 1.4rem; }
.reference-resource-copy { display: grid; gap: 0.2rem; min-width: 0; }
.reference-resource-label { font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 750; line-height: 1.25; }
.reference-resource-host { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.25; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.reference-resource::after { flex: 0 0 auto; margin-left: 0.4rem; }
.reference-source { margin-top: 0.8rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.82rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.reference-source > summary { width: fit-content; max-width: 100%; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 550; }
.reference-source > summary:hover { color: var(--upm-dark); }
.reference-source > summary:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--upm); outline-offset: 4px; border-radius: var(--radius); }
.reference-source-content { margin-top: 0.75rem; padding: 0.8rem; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); background: var(--soft); overflow-wrap: anywhere; }

.news-article-inner { max-width: 1100px; }
.news-article-header { padding-block: clamp(2.25rem, 4.5vw, 4rem); background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--soft), #fff); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.news-article-header h1 { max-width: 1000px; font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.6vw, 3.4rem); font-weight: 680; line-height: 1.15; }
.news-article-header .eyebrow { color: var(--signal-deep); }
.news-article-date { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.55rem; margin: 1.5rem 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.4; }
.news-article-date .icon { color: var(--upm); }
.news-article-section { background: var(--soft); padding-block: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.5rem); }
.news-article-content { min-width: 0; }
.news-article-content > p { max-width: 780px; margin: 0 0 1.4rem; font-size: 1.08rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.news-document { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 76px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 1.5rem; padding: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2rem); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-top: 3px solid var(--upm); border-radius: var(--radius); background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 12px 36px rgba(var(--upm-rgb), 0.06); }
.news-document-symbol { display: grid; justify-items: center; align-content: center; gap: 0.5rem; width: 76px; height: 94px; border-radius: var(--radius); color: var(--upm-dark); background: var(--upm-soft); }
.news-document-symbol > .icon { width: 2.1rem; height: 2.1rem; }
.news-document-symbol > span { padding: 0.15rem 0.4rem; border-radius: var(--radius); background: var(--signal); color: var(--ink); font-size: 0.68rem; line-height: 1.2; font-weight: 850; letter-spacing: 0.05em; }
.news-document-content { min-width: 0; }
.news-document-content .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 0.6rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.75rem; }
.news-document-content h2 { font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 1.8vw, 1.5rem); line-height: 1.3; font-weight: 650; }
.news-document-meta { margin: 0.75rem 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.85rem; }
.news-document-meta > span { margin-inline: 0.3rem; }
.news-document-content .section-actions { margin-top: 1.2rem; }
.news-document-content .button, .news-document-content .button:hover { text-decoration: none; }
.news-document-content .reference-source { margin-top: 1rem; }
.news-document-content .reference-source-content { font-size: 0.8rem; }
.news-article-navigation { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); align-items: center; gap: 1rem; margin-top: 2rem; padding-top: 1.5rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.news-back { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.55rem; width: fit-content; color: var(--upm-dark); font-size: 0.92rem; font-weight: 750; }
.news-back .icon, .news-adjacent-link.is-previous > .icon { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.news-adjacent-link { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto; gap: 0.3rem 0.8rem; padding: 1rem; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); background: #fff; color: var(--upm-dark); }
.news-adjacent-link > span { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.75rem; }
.news-adjacent-link > strong { font-size: 0.92rem; line-height: 1.4; font-weight: 650; }
.news-adjacent-link > .icon { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1 / span 2; align-self: center; }
.news-adjacent-link:hover { border-color: var(--upm); }
.publication-card h3 { font-weight: 500; }
.publication-card h3 strong, .publication-card h3 b { font-weight: 750; }

.avatar {
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--upm);
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 850;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.news-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 6rem minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.news-date {
  border-left: 4px solid var(--upm);
  padding-left: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.contact-band {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--upm-soft) 0%, #ffffff 70%);
  color: var(--ink);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.contact-band.section {
  padding-block: clamp(2.25rem, 3.4vw, 3.65rem);
}

.contact-band .split {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.72fr) minmax(24rem, 0.62fr);
  gap: clamp(1.5rem, 3.5vw, 3.5rem);
  align-items: start;
}

.contact-band .section-inner > div:first-child {
  max-width: 820px;
}

.contact-card {
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ink);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: clamp(1.2rem, 3vw, 2rem);
  box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(47, 57, 51, 0.1);
}

.contact-list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.contact-list li {
  gap: 0.85rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 0;
  padding: 0.78rem 0.9rem;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  color: var(--muted);
  transition: border-color 160ms ease, transform 160ms ease, background-color 160ms ease;
}

.contact-list li:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  border-color: rgba(255, 123, 42, 0.45);
  background: #fff;
}

.contact-icon {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 2.3rem;
  height: 2.3rem;
  background: var(--upm-soft);
  color: var(--upm-dark);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  transition: background-color 160ms ease, color 160ms ease;
}

.contact-list li:hover .contact-icon {
  background: rgba(255, 123, 42, 0.13);
  color: var(--signal-deep);
}

.contact-icon svg {
  width: 1.15rem;
  height: 1.15rem;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.9;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.form-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
}

.field {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.field > label, .footer-links a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.45rem; }
.field > label .icon { color: var(--upm); }

.field.full {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
}

.field label {
  color: var(--graphite);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 760;
}

.field input,
.field textarea {
  width: 100%;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 0.8rem 0.9rem;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ink);
}

.field textarea {
  min-height: 48px;
  resize: vertical;
}

.checkbox-field {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.1rem 1fr;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  align-items: start;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.93rem;
}

.checkbox-field input {
  margin-top: 0.26rem;
}

.form-status {
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
  color: var(--signal);
  font-weight: 760;
}

.form-status[data-state="error"] { color: #a62f20; }
.form-status[data-state="sending"] { color: var(--muted); }
.contact-card button:disabled { cursor: progress; opacity: 0.65; }
.form-trap {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip-path: inset(50%);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.section-head.compact {
  margin-top: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
  margin-bottom: clamp(1.4rem, 3vw, 2.2rem);
}

.compact-split {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(16rem, 0.42fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
}

.publication-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
}

.publication-list .publication-card {
  min-height: 0;
}

.publication-card h3 {
  color: var(--graphite);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.15vw, 1.18rem);
  font-weight: 680;
  line-height: 1.35;
  margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
}

.grid.three .publication-card h3 {
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.publication-card p {
  font-size: 0.98rem;
}

.archive-strip {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.archive-strip div {
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1rem;
}

.archive-strip strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--signal);
  font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.4vw, 2.1rem);
  line-height: 1;
}

.archive-strip span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 750;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.archive-card p:not(.meta),
.research-card p,
.news-card p {
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.archive-line {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
}

.legacy-section .section-inner {
  max-width: 1180px;
}

.research-detail-section {
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(var(--upm-rgb), 0.09), transparent 34%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, var(--soft), #fff);
}

.research-detail-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(15rem, 0.34fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(1.4rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
  align-items: start;
}

.research-detail-aside {
  position: sticky;
  top: 106px;
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: clamp(1rem, 2vw, 1.35rem);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 42px rgba(47, 57, 51, 0.08);
}

.research-detail-aside h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2vw, 2rem);
}

.research-detail-aside p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.research-metrics {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.65rem;
}

.research-metrics div {
  padding: 0.75rem;
  background: var(--soft);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}

.research-metrics strong,
.research-metrics span {
  display: block;
}

.research-metrics strong {
  color: var(--upm);
  font-size: 1.45rem;
  line-height: 1;
}

.research-metrics span {
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 760;
}

.research-anchor-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  padding-top: 0.6rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-anchor-list a {
  padding: 0.45rem 0.55rem;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  color: var(--graphite);
  font-weight: 760;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.research-anchor-list a:hover {
  background: var(--upm-soft);
  color: var(--upm-dark);
}

.research-story {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.research-block {
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--upm);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: clamp(1.2rem, 2.5vw, 2rem);
  scroll-margin-top: 110px;
}

.research-block-head {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 0.9rem;
  align-items: start;
  margin-bottom: clamp(1rem, 2vw, 1.45rem);
}

.research-block-head .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

.research-block-head h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2.2vw, 2.2rem);
  font-weight: 680;
}

.research-block-index {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 2.4rem;
  height: 2.4rem;
  background: var(--upm);
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  font-weight: 850;
  line-height: 1;
}

.objective-grid,
.software-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.objective-card,
.software-card,
.project-item {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--upm) 3%, white);
}

.objective-card {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 1rem;
}

.objective-card::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 auto 0 0;
  width: 4px;
  background: var(--upm);
}

.objective-card p,
.software-card p,
.project-item p,
.research-copy {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.project-timeline {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0.75rem;
}

.project-description { min-width: 0; }
.project-role { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0.45rem; color: var(--upm-dark); font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.035em; text-transform: uppercase; }

.project-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 6.5rem minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 0.9rem;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 0.95rem;
}

.project-year-chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  justify-content: center;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 0.28rem 0.55rem;
  background: var(--upm-soft);
  border: 1px solid rgba(var(--upm-rgb), 0.28);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  color: var(--upm-dark);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 850;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.software-card {
  padding: 1rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(var(--upm-rgb), 0.1), #fff);
}

.legacy-copy {
  color: var(--graphite);
}

.legacy-copy h2,
.legacy-copy h3,
.legacy-copy h4 {
  color: var(--upm-dark);
  margin-top: clamp(1.6rem, 3vw, 2.4rem);
  margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
}

.legacy-copy h2:first-child,
.legacy-copy h3:first-child,
.legacy-copy h4:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.legacy-copy h3 {
  font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 1.8vw, 1.75rem);
}

.legacy-copy h4 {
  font-size: 1.08rem;
}

.legacy-copy p,
.legacy-list {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.legacy-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.1rem;
}

.legacy-list li + li {
  margin-top: 0.55rem;
}

.footer-upm {
  display: inline-flex;
  width: min(100%, 20rem);
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  padding: 0.7rem;
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}

.footer-upm img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.site-footer {
  background: var(--upm);
  color: #fff;
}

.footer-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.2fr) minmax(18rem, 0.6fr);
  gap: 2rem;
  padding-top: 3rem;
  padding-bottom: 3rem;
}

.site-footer p {
  color: #fff;
  margin: 0.25rem 0;
}

.footer-secondary {
  display: grid;
  align-content: start;
  justify-items: start;
  gap: 0.9rem;
}

.footer-secondary p {
  max-width: 28rem;
  margin: 0;
  text-align: left;
}

.footer-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  gap: 0.8rem;
}

.footer-links a {
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.site-footer .outbound-link:hover { color: #fff; }

[data-reveal] {
  opacity: 1;
}

/* Long research sections must stay readable regardless of their visible ratio. */
.research-block[data-reveal] {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: none;
  transition: none;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  [data-reveal] {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(18px);
    transition: opacity 520ms ease, transform 520ms ease;
  }

  [data-reveal].is-visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 1239px) {
  .nav-toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
  }

  .main-nav {
    position: absolute;
    left: var(--pad);
    right: var(--pad);
    top: calc(100% + 0.5rem);
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0;
    padding: 0.75rem;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  }

  .main-nav.is-open {
    display: flex;
  }

  .main-nav a {
    padding: 0.85rem;
    font-size: 0.94rem;
  }

  .main-nav > a > span, .nav-parent > span { white-space: normal; }

  .nav-group {
    display: grid;
  }

  .nav-parent {
    padding: 0.85rem;
  }

  .nav-dropdown {
    position: static;
    display: grid;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 0 0 0.45rem 0.8rem;
    border: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
  }

  .nav-dropdown a {
    padding: 0.55rem 0.85rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 1040px) {
  .contact-band .split { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .grid.three.team-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }

  .hero-stats,
  .grid.three,
  .grid.two,
  .archive-strip,
  .section-head,
  .split,
  .research-detail-layout,
  .footer-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-detail-aside {
    position: static;
  }

  .stat {
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(var(--upm-rgb), 0.18);
  }

  .stat:last-child {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .footer-links {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  body { line-height: 1.5; }
  .news-article-header h1 { font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 7.6vw, 2.35rem); }
  .news-document { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 1rem; }
  .news-document-symbol { width: 56px; height: 68px; gap: 0.25rem; }
  .news-document-symbol > .icon { width: 1.7rem; height: 1.7rem; }
  .news-article-navigation { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 1.3rem; }
  .grid.three.team-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .detail-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 7vw, 2.35rem); line-height: 1.15; }
  .detail-hero p { line-height: 1.45; }
  .detail-hero .section-inner { padding-block: 2.5rem; }
  .detail-hero-media::after { background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.97), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.79)); }
  .detail-hero-media img { object-position: var(--hero-mobile-position, center); }
  :root {
    --pad: clamp(1rem, 5vw, 1.5rem);
  }

  .header-inner {
    min-height: 72px;
  }

  .upm-brand {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero {
    min-height: 620px;
  }

  .hero .section-inner {
    padding-top: 3rem;
  }

  .hero p { margin-top: 1rem; line-height: 1.45; }
  .hero .eyebrow { margin: 0 0 0.75rem; line-height: 1.3; letter-spacing: 0.09em; }
  .hero-actions { margin-top: 1.5rem; }

  .publication-card,
  .news-card,
  .form-grid,
  .compact-split,
  .objective-grid,
  .software-grid,
  .project-item,
  .contact-list {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .project-year-chip {
    width: fit-content;
  }

  .publication-year {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 420px) {
  h1 {
    font-size: 2.25rem;
  }

  .hero-actions,
  .section-actions {
    align-items: stretch;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .button {
    width: 100%;
  }
}